Couple of things from the information you have given.
Upgrades use a lot of battery, and this can go on for a few hours after the update as data is transferred back and forwards.
Make sure you plug it into the mains charger it came with, USB isn't up to it. Leave it plugged in for a good few hours.
Your battery is probably getting a bit long in the tooth now, mine was starting to give me the odd issue so I decided to upgrade my phone, you could decide to look at replacing your battery........... In my case 10 wasn't the issue, just batteries in phones can start to degrade after a couple of years.
There are a few issues in 10 with battery drain, mainly Edge in my case, but if you get it started, maybe worth looking in settings, battery use and making the odd change.