I have outlook.com as my primary user in my MS account.
My phone is more or less okay.I am getting the error code on my laptop .
Ok. I had the error on every device I tried with.... phone, surface tablet, (2) windows 7 computers, windows 10 computer. I have a couple other suggestions.
1) Create another alias in your MS account, set it as primary, then try your original alias email and calendar again with the second alias set as primary.
Note: if you do this and you log into your laptop with the Microsoft account, it will automatically change your log on to use the new one set to primary. Same on your phone, so it might be best to shut the phone off while doing this and do not log out of computer or reboot. If you can then get into your original alias email and calendar, you can then switch the primary back and see if it continues to work. Honestly though, most likely when you switch the primary back the error will come back. You may have to stick with a new alias.
Also note: MS only allows you to change your primary user back and forth about 3 times in a weeks time, so be careful with this. I had to wait a week before I could switch mine back. Last night I switched it and got into my original MS account email and calendar and people. I then forwarded all my email to my new MS account and then closed the old account.
2) Switch your computer to use a local account, remove the Microsoft account from computer, (under Microsoft account and email/calendar account), reboot, log back in, switch back to using a Microsoft account and enter in your credentials. Try your email/calendar again.
3) Create a new Microsoft account, setup computer with new account, hard reset phone and set it up with new account.
Hopefully MS fixes this bug in their outlook.com upgrade process soon. I'm seeing this same issue reported all over multiple forums. Good luck.