I'm sure this has been asked before, but when I search all I can find are topics or articles on how to do this on a Windows 8 Tablet. Is there a way to play games on a windows phone 8 with an xbox 360 controller?
No. Windows 8 requires either a wired controller or a USB dongle for the wireless controllers. WP8 doesn't have a place to plug either in.
If you want to play with a controller on WP8 you need a MOGA Pro. Only a handful of games are currently supported but the controller is a top notch product and it works well.