No. At least not with a USB A to C cable. USB A, 3.0 or otherwise, doesn't support what is required for the dock. Not all USB C does either. The video support is not a given. I don't see that any Surface device has a USB C port in any case.
I can tell you that my Wife's Dell XPS 15 does work fine with the dock for video and USB...not charging. The Dell has a USB C port. So, I imagine if MS would get off their a$$ and put USB C on a Surface (properly) the Mobile Display Dock would likely work fine, for what it does, if you can still find one (or have one).