Doubtful. I mean, it's certainly possible with future technology to have such a sensor in a phone, but due to just the physics of how light works you'd pass the point where refraction would destroy any further detail long, long, long before that. The future of high-end camera technology is (unfortunately for cell phone makers) going to be in larger sensors and lenses. Notice this photo was made with a whole bunch of other photos stitched together, and not one single "2 gigapixel" camera. That's because if you took even a "full frame" 35mm camera and put such a sensor on it you'd get nowhere near this resolution from a single photo (even setting aside any potential depth-of-field issues).
You could maybe get a "medium format" camera with such a sensor and start to get in the territory of utilizing such a sensor though (probably would pass the refraction point closer to 1GP than 2 even still, though).