Nope. I don't think Google would allow such integration. I might be wrong, but I don't think it's possible to integrate OneDrive into an Android phone's photo gallery. Pretty sure you have to go through the OneDrive app.
This is one of the key things missing from the onedrive experience on Android or iOS (and probably the only thing that is better about OneDrive Photos on W10M).
I just wish Microsoft would update the Android/iOS app so that you could quick jump to a date like you can in the windows photo app.
This is an old thread but, since I just switched to android, it's still relevant. Any idea how I can view photos on onedrive in android like I could in win10mo?
This is an old thread, but there is an answer for Samsung users.
The Samsung default gallery app lets you bring in photos from OneDrive and other services.