Calendars and contacts sync with exchange, not outlook. You can sync contacts/calendar from Outlook to google, then to the phone. You can probably do it with an outlook.com account as well, but not straight from Outlook.
The POP3 protocol removes from mail from the server unless there is an option in the client to leave it. I am unsure if the client on 8X has this feature or not. I don't know who you are using for email, but if they have an IMAP option, that would work as it leaves mail on the server.
Calendars and contacts sync with exchange, not outlook. You can sync contacts/calendar from Outlook to google, then to the phone. You can probably do it with an outlook.com account as well, but not straight from Outlook.
