Best answer: No, the USB-C 3.1 port on the Surface Go does not support Thunderbolt 3. You still get data transfer, display out, and charging, but not the extra speed associated with Thunderbolt 3. However, with the right dock, like the Plugable USB-C 4K docking station, you can get that support.
Amazon: Plugable USB-C 4K docking station (From $199)
Full story from the WindowsCentral blog...