I did a clean 8.1 pro install on 2 pcs then upgraded both to W10 same build numbers you mentioned. Live tiles are working on one pc but not my main one. This has been very a very irritating experience and no information seems to be available at all as to why.
The only thing I can possibly think of: On the PC that they're working correctly, I may not have disabled just about all of the privacy invasive settings as I did on my main PC. I wonder if one of those settings has something to do with the live tile app permissions? Or perhaps because I installed an antivirus app that's incompatible or conflicts with live tiles? Has anyone else experienced that?
I even tried installing 3rd party apps from Microsoft Store, such as Flipboard and still none of the tiles will show any information. Even the weather tile, when I open it, sure enough all of my location info, zip code and local weather is all there, but the tile itself, no matter what size I change it to, no matter how many times I "turn live tile on/off" it still just sits there blank, not moving.
Edit: there seems to be more than the few of us with this problem: answers.microsoftDOTcom/en-us/windows/forum/windows_10-start/live-tiles-not-working-windows-10/5a8e2ced-06a6-4b98-bfd4-da4896c9b6f9