I know this is an old thread, but I'll give my 2 cents as it may help someone out.
For beginners, who want to try and wrap their mind around programming, I usually recommend python. It's simple, basic, free, and used a lot still. There are libraries to make anything really. NASA, just as an example, uses python quite a bit. Google's spiders are made with python.
If you're wanting to do UWP and Windows-based apps C# is the way to go. Its simple and does a lot of the difficult stuff, like managing memory, for you.
If you're looking for a language to work with the lower-levels of hardware, you may want to look at C or C++. If you're looking for universal, Java is pretty universal.
Now as for resources where you can learn some of these languages:
Python -
https://learnpythonthehardway.org/book/
C# -
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/csharp/
C++/Java/C/Anything else - I would probably recommend a book and a lot of Googling.