Yes, you can run Linux alongside Windows 10 without the need for a second device or virtual machine using the Windows Subsystem for Linux, and here's how to set it up.
On Windows 10, the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) is a feature that creates a lightweight environment that allows you to install and run supported versions of Linux (such as Ubuntu, OpenSuse, Debian, etc.) without the complexity of setting up a virtual machine or different computer.
Full story from the WindowsCentral blog...