If you haven't backed anything up then the answer would be no. What you have done is no different than reformatting a hard drive on a PC. If you had your information saved on SD card, that should have stayed there as that doesn't get formatted with a reset but it's always a good idea to remove it just in case.
If you have backed up then your information is on your OneDrive and all your data should be accessible once you login with your MS account and password used on the phone. If you use a different MS account and password then you won't have access to that information.
Lastly, always remember to backup, especially in this age where having easy access is available.