So... Long story short, any store that uses a traditional laser barcode scanner will not be able to read anything off your phone. Any store with an optical scanner, even if it shoots laserbeams from its forehead, will have no problem reading the code from your phone.
Hmm, this can be an interesting conversation. I would imagine that since your eyes can still tell a difference between black & white on the screen, the laser would also be able to tell a difference. Since black & white are just wavelengths themselves, their wavelength shouldn't change when being confined to a phone screen.
I would actually attribute the problem to the orientation of the barcode. If you hold your phone exactly parallel to the barcode and take the image while the camera is exactly parallel to the barcode, I think the barcode should work. This is just my opinion. Please feel free to argue the point. Also, there's probably a "sweet spot" of how wide the barcode should be, for example if you take the image while the phone is 20 feet from the barcode, that image will be too small, & a similar effect for being too near the barcode.