I have the same problem every time I restart my Win 10 Pro (used to be Win 8.1 Pro) during no choice windows updates. What I found was that the Keyboard itself is still responsive (pressing a key will switch from lockscreen to login screen) but the password field itself does not respond to keyboard input, even though the mouse can still click on it / get a cursor. First time it happened restartting again allowed me to login, second time restarting several times did nothing, but since my pc is a touchscreen i was able to slide off the lockscreen, and press the login box with touch input which activated the touchscreen keyboard that allowed me to get in. This time I got impatient waiting for the lockscreen to engage, so I clicked on the power icon looking for sign-out, only found Shutdown, restart, and sleep. So, I put it to sleep, immediately woke it up, and I was able to type in my password. (right before I searched this problem and posted this here)
Hope this helps