How do you do that? Does that mean you'd have to log out and log back in every time you want to switch?
Wouldn't be easier to just switch task views/desktops?
, yes it would mean login in every time / switching users. Switching between virtual desktops is easier but I don't think you can change the background and icons than. It would not make sense anyway, since virtual desktops can be closed/removed (and will be iirc on shutdown/restart) so than you would lose your work in organizing the desktop if it would be even made possible some way.
If switching users is to much trouble, here are some more ideas:
The desktop is very similar to a normal folder, you could also just use a create new folder (right click -> new -> folder) and than right click within the folder and set the view -> medium icons. Than place your stuff within that. You won't have a background though.
In combination with the above point, you could install an extra file explorer that is somewhat similar in appearance as the Windows 10 desktop. That could probably also give you the option to have a background. (e.g. Files&Folders Pro in the Windows Store seems like to be able to do that, I see it is on sale and there is a trial). There seem to be many more file explorers though in the Store.
You could try something like this to add a background in a Windows folder, not sure if it works in Windows 10 though:
Add Background Image To Folder In Window Explorer