I've been going crazy with this problem today. I just reset my Surface 3 and re-installed Chrome. I started using Chrome without a keyboard attached and the virtual keyboard wasn't showing up. I couldn't figure out what was wrong, since before I reset my Surface, it was working perfectly.
I thought this was related to resetting my device and forgetting how to enable this auto-popup of the keyboard in Chrome. Since you are seeing the same problem, I guess it must be related to the update.
Sorry I don't have a solution, but at least I am not going crazy and it is nothing I did wrong.
Hopefully, there will be a fix. In the meantime, I think there is a Chrome extension that displays a touch screen. I may try that.