I spent a ton of time attempting to fix this issue I think I found a solution. Hopefully this solves most of the problems for everyone.
Long story short I reverted to a previous version (Version of windows before 1511) and installed updates except the the 1511 upgrade. Anyone that does not have this option will need to perform a fresh install (DO NOT create a recovery image based on the current version on your surface book it will not work, and you will have the same issue). Run the updates to fix the firmware issue with the keyboard and track pad, but defer any "Windows 10 Pro 1511 Upgrades" as I believe this is the issue causing the BSOD's
This seems to be related for me anyway to a recent or maybe not recent I'm not sure but it seems to be directly related to the Windows 10 Pro 1511 update, I went through the RMA process to get a new laptop from Microsoft but upon receiving the new laptop and updating it I had the same problems. It is also important to note this only happens to me when I remove the screen and then attempt to power the device on resulting in internal_power_error. I ended up after updating and reinstalling every driver possible, reverting to a previous build that came with the laptop when they delivered it. This may not be an option for everyone as it may not be available so you may want to try a fresh install off of a USB and avoid running any updates that are called "Windows 10 pro upgrade 1511". After reverting to a previous build I ran the updates and for some odd reason the broken upgrade failed to install and left me with all of the updates except the 1511 upgrade.