Turning off location services will disable Cortana. You can't really ask someone to go into the settings every time they want a Bing search.
Cortana has music search (it's the musical note in the top right). The only thing missing is Bing Vision, and that can be found as a separate camera lens. Each update has progressively took more functionality away from Bing vision (only QR tags are left), so it's largely useless now.
We don't know at this point whether future updates will allow Cortana to open her eyes as well as her ears and mouth.