People seem to get very focussed on the CPU/GPU as the main thing affecting battery life. For really intensive tasks it might be but a more typical usage pattern is editing a document or reading a web page. In those cases the cpu is pretty much idle for most seconds in every minute and only consuming milliwatts of power (except for those damn flash ads, thankfully all the browsers are getting that more under control now).
So where is the power going? Number 1 will be the screen backlight. A huge extremely bright light source that is on the whole time. Then the LCD panel on top blocks most of it so you don't realise just how bright it is. IGZO screens let more light through thus giving you either a brighter image or using less power for the backlight. The SP4 has I believe an IGZO screen and the Surface Pro may have improvements there too, even if it is the same size and resolution.
Then there are all the other components, the RAM that needs power and constant refreshing, the WiFi and Bluetooth radios, the SSD with its own processor and memory which is constantly doing work in the background, the touch and pen sensing panel which is also on all the time etc. etc.
So don't get too hung up on the CPU, the battery life is a combination of many things.