Actually, there were studies done (I don't have a link handy) and that's why they added the constant-on wifi with the Portico update. Prior to Portico, if the phone screen wasn't on, the wifi was off. It was found that using wifi used less power than cellular (how this doesn't make sense is a mystery to me), so they made it so that when the phone goes to sleep the wifi will stay on.
How it matters when out and about I don't know. I leave my wifi, BT, and NFC on all the time, and don't worry about it. I have a wireless charger at my desk so I frequently leave the phone lay on it, and if I worry about it in the car (where I listen to podcasts frequently on my hour-long commute, streaming with BT), I plug in (but can't wait for the Nokia Wireless Car Charger). Admittedly, I'm charging a lot more often than most people, but that's partly because I'm at my desk all day, partly because I have a long commute, and partly because I'm battery-level OCD. I don't judge the phone for that, though - that's MY defect. :wink: