I don't have firsthand knowledge, but if they don't, they're not managing their resources properly.
I don't know about Apple, but Google and Amazon do not manage their staff that way. If you tell someone long enough that they are poor performers, that is exactly what they will become. Making matters even worse, is that many reasons exist for lower level management to slap the poor performer stamp on someone besides actually performing poorly. Being forced to slap that label on 10% of your staff, even if your team of 12 are all well above average, is just one of many stupid reasons. I've had to wield that stamp in just such a situation, and it isn't fun.
Obviously, one person can't manage 3000 employees. That is why companies of that size have more than a single level of management. The nature of that job differs at different management levels. At lower levels, management by "walking around" does work, no matter what size the company is. If that is the best suited management style is a different debate.
Your idea of what constitutes proper management only works on the factory line, where you can objectively measure performance simply by counting parts per hour. It doesn't work at all in a software engineering environment, where creativity and finding original solutions to tough problems is a big part of the job description.
Finally, those employed at Apple, Google, Amazon or Microsoft
aren't resources. They are staff... employees... people... humans. The dehumanization of the modern workforce is a large part of what is wrong in our culture.