Don't know how it works for anyone else, but I never got a notification, I just saw under WU it had failed with that error code.
The other day, the folder of pre-downloaded Windows 10 'stuff' on (C

went from 5.9GB down to 140MB... Without me doing anything. It then redownloaded the following day, back up to 5.9GB. No prompt from me at all, I just left it at 140MB. The upgrade again tried to auto install in the evening (without my knowing), and once again I had no notification. It failed again. My folder was essentially entirely replaced, and the failure still happened.
But I'm starting to wonder if all devices are now trying to automatically 'upgrade' (in fact check if they can upgrade) to Windows 10 on a regular basis, discreetly. To the majority of users, this wouldn't be noticed. Then perhaps, when Microsoft clears your device for the upgrade, it allows you through, with no error code. To most people, they'd only see an upgrade attempt happen once - when they go through the GWX app once they get their notification.
Just a theory.